Cosmos Episode 4 Viewing Worksheet

The Fox television series Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson is an excellent way for students at the high school and even middle school level to supplement their learning on various science topics. With episodes that cover almost all of the major disciplines in science, teachers are able to use these shows along with their curriculum to make the topics more accessible and even exciting for learners of all levels. Cosmos Episode 4 was mostly focused on Astronomy topics, including star formation and death and black holes. There are also some great illustrations about the effects of gravity. It would be a nice addition to an Earth or Space Science class or even Physics classes that touch on the study of Astronomy as a supplement to the students learning. Teachers need to have a way to assess whether a student is paying attention and learning during a video. Lets face it, if you turn the lights down and have soothing music, it is easy to doze off or daydream. Hopefully, the questions below will help keep the students on task and allow teachers to assess whether or not they understood and were paying attention. The questions can be copy-and-pasted into a worksheet and modified to fit the needs of the class. Cosmos Episode 4 Worksheet Name:___________________ Directions: Answer the questions as you watch episode 4 of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey 1.  What does William Herschel mean when he tells his son there is a â€Å"sky full of ghosts†? 2.  How fast does light travel in space? 3.  Why do we see the Sun rise before it is over the horizon? 4.  How far away is Neptune from the Earth (in light hours)? 5.  How long would it take the Voyager Spacecraft to reach the nearest star in our galaxy? 6.  Using the idea of how fast light travels, how do scientists know our universe is older than 6500 years? 7.  How far away from Earth is the center of the Milky Way Galaxy? 8.  How far away is the oldest galaxy we’ve ever discovered? 9.  Why does no one know what happened before the Big Bang? 10.  How long after the Big Bang did it take for stars to form? 11.  Who discovered field forces that act on us even when we’re not touching other objects? 12.  How fast do waves move through space, as calculated by James Maxwell? 13.  Why did Einstein’s family move from Germany to Northern Italy? 14.  What two things did the book Einstein read as a kid discuss on the first page? 15.  What did Einstein call the â€Å"rules† that must be obeyed when traveling at high speeds? 16.  What is the name of the man Neil deGrasse Tyson calls â€Å"one of the greatest scientists you’ve probably never heard of† and what did he discover? 17.  What happened to the fire hydrant when it was exposed to 100,000g? 18.  What is the name of the first black hole ever discovered and how did we â€Å"see† it? 19.  Why does Neil deGrasse Tyson call black holes the â€Å"subway system of the Universe†? 20.  If getting sucked into a black hole could cause an explosion similar to the Big Bang, what would be in the center of that black hole? 21.  What type of â€Å"time travel† did John Herschel invent? 22.  What is the date that Neil deGrasse Tyson met Carl Sagan in Ithaca, New York?

Essay on Pre-Columbian civilizations - 1533 Words

Long before any white man ever set foot in this hemisphere, there were fully functional and highly developed societies here. These civilizations were sophisticated, could even be considered more advanced than the European nations at the time. While the rest of the Eastern world was in the dark Middle Ages, the people here were flourishing. The Aztecs were the Native American people who dominated northern Mà ©xico at the time of the Spanish conquest led by Hernan CORTES in the early 16th century. According to their own legends, they originated from a place called Aztlan, somewhere in north or northwest Mexico. At that time the Aztecs (who referred to themselves as the Mexica or Tenochca) were a small, nomadic, Nahuatl-speaking aggregation†¦show more content†¦The Maya were also a farming society like the Aztecs. They too, worshiped many gods, whom they felt were responsible for their survival. Gods of rain, wind, and sun were among the ones most worshiped. Mayan leaders went to war to try and capture the ruler of another city. If they did they would sacrifice the prisoner, again much like the Aztecs (Mexico). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Mayans created many things to affect the world. They created a 365 day calendar. They also made great strides in mathematics and astronomy. They used the number zero, which was very advanced for their time period. The astronomers were able to tell what day of the week a date would fall on in future years (Encarta). And they were able to calculate the length of years of other planets with remarkable precision given the instruments they had to work with (Mexico). Contrary to popular belief, the Mayan civilization was not one unified empire, but rather a multitude of separate entities with a common cultural background. Similar to the Greeks, they were religiously and artistically a nation, but politically sovereign states. As many as twenty such states existed on the Yucatan Peninsula, but although a woman has, on rare occasions, ascended to the ruling position, she has never acquired the title of mah kina (one of the highest titles that can be achieved)(Encarta). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Music was central to bothShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"the Application of Mathematics in Pre-Columbian Civilizations†2095 Words   |  9 Pagesunprecedented discoveries in the fields of mathematics and science. Among all the civilizations of time, those of the Pre-Columbian Era seem to have successfully applied mathematical concepts, mainly geometry and algebra, in a somewhat uncanny manner. One cannot all but question how engineers of today’s time, men and women with almost limitless resources, suffer periodic setbacks, while structures of the primitive Pre-Columbians have remained largely intact up until the present day. Clearly no one can compareRead MoreComparing Evidence of Both Norse and African Presence in the Pre Columbian Americas2401 Words   |  10 PagesIn pre- Columbian America there is evidence to show that there were both Norse and African presence present before the arrival of Christopher Columbus’ maiden voyage in 1492. The pre sence of the Africans was first stated by Christopher Columbus himself in his voyage diaries, which he claimed was told to him by an Indian on his second voyage. This was later solidified by Portuguese seamen who also told of African navigation to Columbus. On the other hand the Nordic Movement into pre- Columbian AmericaRead MoreArt : The Art Of Art1631 Words   |  7 Pagesthe very early 16th. The end of this period of art is notably marked by the untimely arrival of the notorious western explorer Christopher Columbus’ landing in the Americas. The European discovery and exploration, or conquests of the Americas pre-Columbian art flourished all throughout both the northern and southern continents. This for many of the cultures was their primary form of visual expression, because many but not these early American cultures dished not yet developed complex or even simpleRead MoreHistory And Development Of Mesoamerica1934 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"America’s Pre-Columbian populations evolved into highly developed communities which by the time of the European invasion and conquest in the 16th century had engendered some of the world’s most highly evolved civilizations, in both North and South America.† Module 4 states that â€Å"Shortly after Columbus arrived in the Caribbean in 1492-1493, other Europeans made their way to various parts of America, but in the process they unwittingly brought Eurasian disease pathogens to which America’s Pre-ColumbianRead MoreTaking a Look at the Inca Civilizaiton16 99 Words   |  7 PagesTHE INCA CIVILIZATION Inca, the word is derived from Inti, the sun god, was one of the largest and oldest Pre-Columbian civilization extending from Ecuador in north to whole of Chile in south. The region is predominantly known as Andean region and is modern day Peru, with official language being Quechua. They had their own flag which is a very impressive thing about this civilization because flags gained prominence only in 17th-18th century. Incas were the most powerful Empire in that region rulingRead MoreThe Mayan Civilization And The Maya Empire1677 Words   |  7 Pages The Mayan civilization or the Maya Empire, centered in the tropical lowlands of what is now Guatemala, reached the peak of its power and influence around the sixth century A.D. The Maya excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork. Most of the great stone cities of the Maya were abandoned by A.D. 900. The Ma ya civilization was one of the most dominant indigenous societiesRead MoreMaya Ceramics Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different types of styles and cultures that affect the work of ceramics. One type of culture that was very interesting was the Pre-Columbian Maya culture of Mesoamerica. The natural environment that the Mayans lived in offered a wealth of materials and ideas to give works of beautiful art. â€Å"The Maya used ceramics every day, small cups for drinking vessels, tall cylinders for storing and pouring ritual beverages, and plates for all sorts of delicious foodstuffs, from tamales to corncakesRead MoreHistory, Tradition And Culture, Mexico1673 Words   |  7 Pagesover the centuries, evidence of past cultures and events are apparent everywhere in Mexico. Many of Mexico’s rural areas are still inhabited by indigenous people whose lifestyles are quite similar to those of their ancestors. In addition, many pre-Columbian ruins still exist through out Mexico, including the ancient city of Teotihuacà ¡n and the Mayan pyramids at Chichà ©nItzà ¡ and Tulum. Reminders of the colonial past are evident in the architecture of towns like Taxco and Querà ©tar. HISTORY EARLY HISTORYRead MoreResearch on Quinoa938 Words   |  4 Pagesbut associated with pastoral herding as far back as 7,000 years ago (Kolata, 2006). Sometimes, simple things have a major impact on the future of humanity and the concept of civilization. This view holds that human history did not evolve in a vacuum, the conquest of the New World was not because of a better civilization, or that certain countries developed in differing capacities. Instead, it is smaller things like the domestication of certain animals combined with climate that aided EuropeansRead MoreThe United States History During The World History887 Words   |  4 Pagesdirectly between the United States and Soviet Union. They are different in economy and politics which are communist and capitalist. When taking History 1301 course, I am really interested when I have an opportunity to exam American history from pre-Columbian to Civil War. I knew that the 13 colonies created a war to gain freedom from the Great Britain. However, I do not know the reasons why they had to left England to come to the New World, the United States. Now after reviewing Unit 1, I know they

Remote Sensing in India free essay sample

The evolution of National Natural Resource Management System (NNRMS) towards fully harnessing the potentials of space remote sensing and the development of the series of Indian Remote Sensing Satellites, besides establishment of necessary ground based data establishment of necessary ground based data reception processing and issemination systems as well as remote sensing facilities at National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Space Applications Centre (SAC) and Regional Remote Sensing (Service Centres (RRSSCs) for efficient and effective analysis of remotely sensed data are the major steps accomplished in pursuit of this goal. With the establishment of Remote Sensing Applications Centres in several States under many Governmental organizations, remote sensing today has come to stay as an integral part of the national development efforts in the vital sectors of agriculture, hydrology, eology, forestry, oceanography, mineral resources and distaster management like drought, flood, cyclone, earthquake, landslides crop pests, forest fires etc. , thus touching every facet of national development. Today, India has acquired a strong self reliant base to harness the full potential of this technology and as a result, the national objective of achieving sustainable development at microlevel is being addressed through the integration of remotely sensed data with other relevant collateral information to arrive at locale specific, environment friendly, economically iable and culturally acceptable treatment packages (Rao, 1991 and Jayaramansn, el at 1993). Space and Ground Segments The Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-A), the first in the operational series of Indian Remote Sensing Satellites launched in March 1988, has been functioning satisfactorily for the past 6 h year but still continues tpo provide quality data. The second satellite in the IRS series, IRS-IB, launched in August 1991, is performing very well. These two satellites have become the mainstay of the National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) IRS-I All B provides imagery from the two ameras, linear Imaging Self Scanners, LISS-I with both the resolution 72. m and LISS- IA and LISS-IIB both with a resolution of 36. 25m. IRS-IA and 1B together provide imagery with a combined repetivity of 11 days. While IRS-IA has so far provided more than scenes, IRS-I B has provided more than scenes. The successful implementation of the operational IRS-IA 1B system in the country and the need to cater tot eh enhanced user demands in the 1990s has given rise to confguring th e second generation remote sensing satellitesm IRS-IC and ID taking in to account the echnology development scenario and user requirements during the nineties. The second generation of IRS Satellites namely IRs-1C and ID which are now under development for launch in 1995 and 1998 respectively have made very good progress more frequent revisits, stereo-viewing and onboard data recording facility. The imaging sensors planned for IRS-IC and ID are a multi-spectral Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS-3) in visible and near Ir bands, a short Wave infrared (SWIR) band, a panchromatic camera with stereo viewing capability and a Wide Field Sensor (WIFS) in visible and near IROayaraman et. 1992). It is also planned to have onboard data recording capabilities to record the pay load data for wider data coverage/ distribution. IRS-ID identical to IRS-IC will be in orbit to ensure data continuity beyond the mid nineties. The development flights of PSLV during the timeframe of 1994-96 are progressing well. The IRS-P2 will carry the payload flown onboard IRS-IA and 1B in order to provide continuity of data services to the remote sensing user community in t he country. The IRS-P3 will carry a payload mix of sensors for application related to oceanography and vegetation dynamics. esides a scientific payload is planned to be included of experimental studies in X-ray astronomy. Thus IRS-P3 will carry a Modular Optoelectronic canner (MOS), a Wide field Sensor (WiFS) ad an X-ray astronomy payload. The capability for microwave remote sensing has also been achieved in the India through development of airborne C-band SAR, multifrequency micro wave radiometer and multifrequency scatterometer. Based on the encouraging results obtained from several pilot scale studies on ocean applications and considering the serious interest in monitoring and forecasting of a sea state from meteorological oint of view, efforts are underway to realize and indigenously developed Oceansat. Data Reception, Processing and Dissemination The National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad continued to acquire and archive data from Indian Remote Sensing Satellites, IRS-IA and IRS-IB. In addition, data from other contemporary satellites, viz, Landsat NOAA and ERS-I SAR are also being received. Augmention of ground segment elements for IRS-IC/I D data reception and processing is nearing completion. It is proposed to received SeaWiFS data after the launch SEASTAR satellite. Satellite data products are being disseminated to the users in the form of hotographic films, paper prints, CCTs floppy and cartridge products. About 705 of the user demands in the country is met by IRs-1A/1 B data. As part of aerial remote sensing programme, about 759 ours of aerial flying were undertake during the year mainly for aeromagnetic survey, town and country planning, sea level rise, oil exploration and metropolitan developments.

Contract of true love to celebrate Essay Example For Students

Contract of true love to celebrate Essay We next meet Caliban who was the native of the island before Prospero and Miranda arrived. Prospero and Miranda were once very kind to Caliban and even:  lodged thee  In mine own cell,  But his was only until Caliban supposedly assaulted Miranda, and from then on, Caliban was treated as a slave. However, the case for this supposed rape had never been proved. We can see how strict Prospero is over Miranda sexual relations. However, I think that this issue would also been taken seriously by any parent how cared. It is not only sexual relations that Prospero is strict on with Miranda. Prospero is even strict when it comes to looking at men. When Miranda first sees Ferdinand she says:  What ist, a spirit?  In Act Three, we are told more about this. Miranda cannot remember seeing any womans face, apart from her own reflection. She says:  One of my sex, no womans face remember-  Save, from my glass, mine own.  We can tell from this that Prospero must have been very strict on who Miranda is and is not allowed to see. This could be interpreted as Prospero being very harsh towards Miranda and going a bit over the top. However, others could interpret this as being king, caring and affectionate, as she has her father, and will find her true love, so she doesnt need anybody else. However, I find it very sad, as the only man that Miranda can compare Ferdinand to is her own father:  Nor can imagine form or shape,  Besides yourself to like of.  When Miranda and Ferdinand meet for the first time, they talk to each other so romantically and passionately. Miranda says to Ferdinand:  I might call him  A thing divine, for nothing natural  I ever saw so noble. Words like divine, natural and noble really express hoe much Miranda likes Ferdinand.  Ferdinand says to Miranda;  Most sure the goddess  On whom these airs attend!-Vouchsafe my prayer.  The word goddess shows how Ferdinand views Miranda.  Prospero as the protective father, does not like all this sort of talk and says:  A word, good sir;  I fear you have done yourself some wrong. A word.  Miranda gets angry with her father for being so forceful towards the one she loves, as I think any daughter would. She does not dare show her anger to her father, so she shoes that she is upset:  Why speaks my father so ungently? We soon realise that Prospero is conjuring up a tesr for Ferdinand to see if hios love for Miranda is really as strong as he says it is. This is a very loving thing to do for Miranda, as he wants to make sure that Ferdinand is the right one for her. Prospero says:  They are both in eithers powers, but this swift  Business  I must uneasy make, lest too light winning  Make the prize light.  One aspect of this is when Prospero threatens Ferdinand and sees whether he will stick up for himself. He says:   Ill manacle thy neck and feet together;  Sea water shalt thou drink.  The word manacle expresses to us how harshly he is going to treat Ferdinand. However, Miranda tries her very best to stand up for him:  O dear father,  Make not too rash a trial of him, for  Hes gently and nor fearful. Prosperos replies to this beg as saying:  My foot my tutor?  Here, he is saying, shall I   llow something stupid to teach me? He is being quite harsh towards Mirandas delicate feelings, even though in the long run it is for her own good. Prospero then gets even worse:  Silence! One word more  Shall make me hide thee, if not hate thee.  Here Prospero is adopting authoritarian attitude. He is saying that he could hate Miranda, because she should not be speaking up. Again, he is only doing this for Mirandas protection, but I do not think that he should have been so hateful towards Miranda, as she is his daughter.  Even though her father has stamped Mirandas feelings, she still loves him and tries to explain to Ferdinand that he is of a better nature. All that Prospero wants is to make sure that Ferdinand is right for Miranda, and this is a typical father-daughter relationship. .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938 , .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938 .postImageUrl , .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938 , .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938:hover , .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938:visited , .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938:active { border:0!important; } .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938:active , .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938 .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u14489cc88ecd300e30add2df8bebf938:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparision of dicvised peice and another sun EssayProspero makes Ferdinand endure in some manual labour. Of course Ferdinand is not used to doing this, because he is a prince, but he is just doing it in the hope that he will be able to marry Prosperos daughter Miranda.  Prospero does relaise what Miranda is going through, and explains this in a rather unusual way:  Poor worm, thou art infected!  This visitation shows it.  Here Prospero affectionately compares Miranda to a worm who is infected-in this case, love and desire for Ferdinand.  Prospero said that Ferdinand was not to know his daughters name, but when Ferdinand asks, Miranda says:  Miranda-O my father ,  I have broken your hest to say so. this quotation, shows that there is a lot of trust and love in the relationship, because you can tell that she really did not mean to say her name, and she feels awful, now that she has gone against her fathers demand.  Because of Prosperos strict ideas and rules on sexual relations, she dare not offer what I desire to give. This could be because she loves and respects her father to much to do so, or could just be because she is cared what her father would do to her if she did lose her virginity. The next time we meet Ferdinand again, is after he hast strangely stood the test, and now Prospero has given you here a third of mine own life. However, a third of mine own life has been interpreted in 3 different ways, and it is up to us to decide which one we think is right.  1) That Miranda has been raised by Prospero for one third of his life.  2) Miranda is one of his three great riches, along with his dukedom and his art, or his wife and himself. 3) Miranda is a major ingredient of his happiness, expressed imprecisely as one third. I think that the second one is right, but could b interpreted as Prospero being harsh to his daughter. However, in the same speech, Prospero refers to Miranda as being his rich gift We need to think what a gift means. Is she a possession of Prosperos that he wants to give away with pride, or is it something precious to him that he is reluctant to give away. It could even be that it is Prosperos possession, and now Ferdinand has acquired her. I believe that it is the first one, based on what I have read before. In the time that Shakespeare was writing this play, it was very important for a woman to be pure when she got married. For this, being the typical dad he says:  If thou dost break her virgin knot before  All sanctimonious ceremonies then he shall:  Bestrew  The union of your bed with weeds so loathly  That you shall hate it both.  Words like weeds, loathly and hate are words that should not be associated with the word bed, but here, makes it stand out.  This is a horrible image, but Prospero is just doing it in order to protect his only daughter, in all the ways that he possible can. Prospero just wants their love to be preserved. Prospero then wants to spirits to give the happy couple a blessing. Prospero says:  Well!   Now come, my Ariel; bring a corollary  Rather than want a spirit. Appear, and pertly.  No tongue, all eyes, be silent.  This is a lovely idea that Prospero has come up with, to please his daughter and her fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. We can see that Prospero is just trying to do the best for his child, and to make her happy, as there is a contract of true love to celebrate. From all of this we can see that Prospero is just another typical father (but using magic). Prospero loves having and controlling people, and Miranda is another one to add to his list. Of course, they have arguments, as all parents with their children do, but even if he did come across to the audience a being quite a harsh character to his daughter, it was really, only for her own good. I think that all Prospero actually wanted was true love for her, and to protect and care for her in every way possible.